Morphological alterations of rotary nickel-titanium protaper® instruments analyzed by SEM: effect of nitrogen ion implantation

Authors

  • Alex Niederauer Becker Federal University of Santa Maria
  • Elias Pandonor Motcy de Oliveira Federal University of Santa Maria
  • Ruth Hinrichs Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
  • Marcos Antônio Zen Vasconcellos Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
  • Carlos Frederico Brilhante Wolle UNIFRA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2014.2.13046

Keywords:

Endodontics, scanning electron microscopy, nickel-titanium

Abstract

Abstract Purpose:This study evaluated the morphological alterations that occur in rotary nickel-titanium instruments during nitrogen-ion implantation. Methods: Instruments were divided into three groups: Group A- ProTaper SX instruments were subjected to ionic implantation with bands of nitrogen ions at 100 keV, ion dose was 1.0 X 1017 ions/cm², Group B- ProTaper SX instruments were subjected to ionic implantation with bands of nitrogen ions at 200 keV, ion dose was 1.0 X 1017 ions/cm², and Group C instruments served as unmodified controls. Each instrument was utilized to prepare five canals in epoxy resin blocks with a brushing motion. The instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before use and after 60 s and 300 s of work inside canals in epoxy resin blocks. Results: Material loss and distortion were statistically similar in all groups. However, while only one instrument in group A and only one instrument in group B fractured during use, three instruments in group C fractured during use. Conclusion: Nitrogen ion implantation can improve the properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. However, widespread adoption by the dental industry may not yet be tenable due to the cost (nitrogen ion implantation is a costly process) and relatively small benefit.

References

Walia H, Brantley WA, Gerstein H. An initial investigation of the bending

and torsional properties of nitinol root canal files. J Endod. 1988;14:34.

Alapati SB, Brantley WA, Svec TA, Powers JM, Mitchell J. Scanning

electron microscope observations of new and used nickel-titanium rotary

files. J Endod. 2003;29:667-69.

Guttmann JL, Gaoz, Y. Alteration in the inherent metallic and surface

properties of nickel-titanium instruments to enhance performance,

durability and safety: a focused review. Int Endod J. 2012;45:113-28.

Sattapan B, Nervo GJ, Palamara JEA, Messer HH. Defects in rotary nickeltitanium

files after clinical use. J Endod. 2000;26:161-65.

Troian CH, So MVR, Figueiredo JAP, Oliveira EPM. Deformation and

fracture of Race and K3 endodontic instruments according to the number

of uses. Int Endod J. 2006;39:616-25.

Inah U, Gonulol N. Deformation and fracture of MTwo rotary nickel-titanium

instruments after clinical use. J Endod. 2009;35:1396-99.

Kim HC, Kwak SW, Cheung GSP, Ko DW, Chung SM, Lee W. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of two new nickel-titanium instruments used in reciprocation motion: Reciproc versus WaveOne. J Endod. 2012;38: 541-44.

Rapisarda E, Bonaccorso A, Trippi TR, Fragalk I, Condorelli GG. The effect of surface treatments of nickel-titanium files on wear and cutting efficiency. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:363-68.

Santos M, Gavini G, Siqueira EL, Costa C. Effect of nitrogen ion

implantation on the flexibility of rotary nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod. 2012;38:673-75.

Wolle CFB, Vasconcellos MAZ, Hinrichs R, Becker AN, Barletta FB. The

effect of argon and nitrogen ion implantation on nickel-titanium rotary

instruments. J Endod. 2009;35:1558-62.

Gavini G, Pessoa OF, Barletta FB, Vasconcellos MAZ, Caldeira CL.

Cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary nickel-titanium instruments submitted

to nitrogen ion implantation. J Endod. 2010;36:1183-86.

Rapisarda E, Bonaccorso A, Tripi TR, et al. Wear of nickel-titanium

instruments evaluated by scanning electron microscopy: effect of ion

implantation. J Endod. 2001;27:588-92.

Ziegler JF, Biersack JP, Littmark U. Stopping range of ions in solids.

Pergamon Press: New York, 1985.

Berutti E, Negro AR, Lendini M, Pasqualini D. Incidence of manual

preflaring and torque on the failure rate of ProTaper rotary instruments. JEndod. 2004;30:228-30.

Webber J, Machtou P. ProTaper: Endodontics has never been easier.

Dinamics. 2001;2:4-6.

Linsuwanot P, Parashos P, Messer H. Cleaning of rotary nickel-titanium

endodontic instruments. Int End J. 2004;37:19-28.

Dummer PMH, Alodhe MHA, Al-Omari MAO. A method for the construction of simulated root canals in clear resin blocks. Int End J. 1991;24:63-66.

Weine FS, Kelly RF, Bray KE. Effect of preparation with endodontic

handpieces on original canal shape. J Endod 1976;2:298-303.

Patterson SS. In vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetate on human dentin and its endodontics

implications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1963;16:83.

Camara A, Martins RC, Viana ACD, Leonardo RT, Bueno VTL, Bahia MGA.

Flexibility and torsional strength of ProTaper and ProTaper universal rotary instruments assessed by mechanical tests. J Endod. 2009;35:113-6.

Ankrum MT, Hartwell GR, Truitt J. K3 Endo, ProTaper, and Profile systems: breakage and distortion in severely curved roots of molars. J Endod. 2004;30:234-7.

Schäfer E, Schlingemann R. Efficiency of rotary nickel-titanium K3

instruments compared with stainless steel hand K-Flexofile. Part 2.

Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals

of extracted teeth. Int Endod J. 2003;36:208-17.

Svec TA, Powers JM. The deterioration of rotary nickel-titanium files under controlled conditions. J Endod. 2002;28:105-7.

Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Cheung GS, Peng B. Defects in nickel-titanium

instruments after clinical use. Part 1: Relationship between observed

imperfections and factors leading to such defects in a cohort study. J

Endod. 2009;35:129-32.

Shen Y, Cheung GS, Peng B, Haapasalo M. Defects in nickel-titanium

instruments after clinical use. Part 2: Fractographic analysis of fractured

surface in a cohort study. J Endod. 2009;35:133-6.

Downloads

Published

2015-08-13

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 2 (2014)

Section

Original Article

License

COPYRIGHT
The submission of originals to Odonto Ciência implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Odonto Ciência as the site of original publication.

CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE
As this journal is open access, the articles are allowed free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source.
According to the type of Creative Commons License (CC-BY 4.0) adopted by Odonto Ciência, the user must respect the requirements below.

You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

However, only under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Odonto Ciência endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

For more details on the Creative Commons license, please follow the link in the footer of this website.