Comparação de critérios que determinam o diagnóstico clínico da doença periodontal
Abstract
Introdução: A diversidade de critérios utilizados para o diagnóstico clínico da doença periodontal reflete na dificuldade tanto na escolha de uma classificação para doença como na comparabilidade entre os achados de trabalhos científicos da área de Periodontia. Objetivo: diante desse panorama, a presente investigação objetiva comparar 08 critérios de diagnóstico da doença periodontal (DP) baseados no número de sítios ou dentes comprometidos Métodos: através das medidas de perda de inserção clínica, de profundidade de sondagem de sulco/bolsa e presença de sangramento à sondagem, foi utilizada a base de dados do estudo de Macêdo et al.7 (2004) realizado na população da Matinha, em 214 indivíduos, na cidade de Feira de Santana – BA. Resultados: mostraram que, dependendo do critério empregado, a prevalência da doença periodontal variou entre 20,1% e 47,2%. Além disso, tomando-se como padrão-ouro o critério que classifica como portador da DP aquele que tem pelo menos 4 ou mais dentes, com um ou mais sítios com profundidade de sondagem maior ou igual a 4 mm, com perda de inserção clínica maior ou igual a 3 mm no mesmo sítio e presença de sangramento à sondagem, observou-se que a sensibilidade dos demais critérios foi, invariavelmente, 100%, enquanto a especificidade mostrou-se entre os valores de 66,1% a 94,7%. Conclusão: Concluiu- se que os critérios comparados no estudo identificaram mais falso-positivos em relação ao padrão ouro, sendo os critérios 01 e 05 os menos específicos. Ressalta-se, ainda, a necessidade de flexibilização na escolha do critério de diagnóstico de acordo com o delineamento da investigação.
UNITERMOS: doença periodontal; exame clínico periodontal; diagnóstico.
SUMMARY
Background: a variety of criteria employed to establish the periodontal disease clinical diagnosis reflects the difficulty to select a classification of the disease as well as to compare the findings of the scientifics studies in Periodontics area. Objective: the present investigation was carried out to compare eight types of periodontal disease (PD) diagnosis criteria based on affected sites or teeth number. Methods: it was employed the clinical attachment level, probing depth measurements and presence of bleeding on probing, using the data base of Macêdo et al.7 (2004) study realized in the Matinha population in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Results: it was assumed as a gold standard criterion, the subject that showed at least 4 or more teeth, with one or more sites with probing depth = to 4 mm, with clinical attachment loss = to 3 mm at the same site and presence of bleeding on probing. The results showed that depending on the criterion employed the PD prevalence ranged from 20.1% to 47.2%. Furthermore, it was realized that the sensibility of the others criteria was 100% when they were compared to the gold standard one and the specificity ranged from 66.1% to 94.7%. Conclusions: the study identified more false-positive in relation to the gold standard one, and the criteria 01 and 05 were the less specific. Moreover, it is necessary flexibility on the diagnosis criterion selection according to the study design.
UNITERMS: periodontal disease, periodontal clinical exam, diagnosis.
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