Avaliação da subtração radiográfica digital na detecção de cáries proximais simuladas
Abstract
Avaliou-se o recurso de subtração radiográfica em imagens digitalizadas para detectar desmineralizações no esmalte de faces proximais dentárias simulando cáries precoces. O estudo foi realizado em 4 pares de dentes pré-molares, posicionados em blocos confeccionados em gesso e silicona pesada. Confeccionou-se ainda, uma base em gesso onde foram fixados o posicionador e o simulador de tecidos moles para a padronização das tomadas radiográficas com o filme E-Speed (Kodakâ). Os dentes foram isolados com esmalte para unhas, deixando-se uma área de 2mm de diâmetro para ser condicionada por ácido clorídrico a 18%. Inicialmente realizaram-se radiografias controle (I); após os dentes foram imersos em ácido por 3 (II), 6 (III) e 9 minutos (IV). Entre cada imersão foram realizadas novas tomadas radiográficas, sendo estas digitalizadas com resolução de 300 dpi e arquivadas em extensão TIFF. Após, realizou-se a subtração radiográfica utilizando o programa Image Tool entre as situações: inicial e 3 (S1), inicial e 6 (S2), inicial e 9 minutos (S3). Aplicou-se ainda, a ferramenta threshold, que identifica pixels de contrastes semelhantes, para quantificar a perda de estrutura mineral tanto nas imagens originais quanto entre as situações comparativas. Os resultados encontrados mostraram haver um aumento significativo na quantidade de pixels semelhantes nas regiões desmineralizadas, tanto nas imagens originais quanto entre as situações S1/S3 e S2/S3 (p < 0,05). Concluiu-se que, embora haja um aumento significativo da quantidade de pixels semelhantes nas áreas desmineralizadas quando utilizado o recurso da subtração radiográfica, a análise das imagens originais evidenciou valores superiores quando comparados às subtraídas.
UNITERMOS: cáries proximais, radiografia digital, subtração radiográfica.
SUMMARY
It was evaluated the efficacy of resource of radiograph subtraction in digitized images for detection of demineralization in approximal enamels simulating earlier caries. It was used 4 pairs premolar. Each pair was located block-type confectioned with plaster and weighed silicona. Besides was confectioned a plater base where were fixed the film holder and the soft tissue simulator for the radiograph taking standardization using E-Speed film (Kodak®). The tooth was isolated with nail polish, remaining only 2 millimeters of diameter for being corroded by the cloridric acid 18%. The radiographies were made in initial situation (I) without demineralization and after the tooth were plunged in the acid for 3 (II), 6 (III) and 9 minutes (IV). Between each plunge new radiographies taking had been carried. These radiographies were subtracted with Image Tool program between the situations: initial and 3’ (S1), initial and 6’ (S2) and initial and 9’ (S3). For complementing, the “Threshold” resource was used for identifying equal contrast of pixels, for scoring the mineral loose in originals and in the comparative situations. The results shown a significant increase in the quantity of similar pixels, referring to demineralization areas in the original and S1/S3 and S2/S3 situations (p < 0.05). It was concluded that making use of Threshold instrument in originals and subtracted images, despite the significant result in both of the cases, the analysis of the isolated original images had higher values when compares with those achieved in the subtracted images.
UNITERMS: approximal caries; digital radiograph; radiograph subtraction.
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