Accuracy of an electronic foramen locator in determining working length during retreatment: an in vitro study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2015.4.15023Keywords:
Odontometry, Retreatment, Dental pulp cavity, EndodonticsAbstract
Objective: To assess, in vitro, the accuracy of MiniApex® for electronic working length (EWL) determination during three stages of root canal treatment/retreatment: EWL-1 (during treatment), EWL-2 (after filling removal), and EWL-3 (after reinstrumentation).
Methods: EWL was determined when the MiniApex® display showed the green light at the ‘0.5’ mark and compared with radiographic findings. Results were classified as accurate when the file tip was located in a range of (1) 0.5 to 1.0 mm and (2) 0.5 to 2.0 mm from the radiographic apex, and as inaccurate when the file tip was outside that range of values. Means were compared between groups considering all values and only accurate measurements, for both tolerance limits.
Results: MiniApex® was highly accurate at the larger tolerance range (0.5 2.0mm): 82.3% (EWL-1), 88.2% (EWL-2), and 91.1% (EWL-3). During root canal retreatment, EWL-3 provided more accurate measurements than EWL-2, but without statistical difference (p>0.05). There was no statistical difference (p>0.05) when only accurate measurements were evaluated.
Conclusion: MiniApex® was highly accurate to determine the location of the instrument tip at 0.5 to 2.0mm from the radiographic apex during treatment and retreatment (EWL-2 and EWL-3).
References
Aggarwal V, Singla M, Kabi D. An in vitro evaluation of performance of two electronic root canal length measurement devices during retreatment of different obturating materials. J Endod 2010;36(9):1526-30.
Uzun O, Topuz O, Tinaz AC, Alacam T. Apical accuracy of two apexlocating handpieces in root canal retreatments of root-end resected teeth. J Endod 2007;33(12):1444-6.
Tang L, Sun TQ, Gao XJ, Zhou XD, Huang DM. Tooth anatomy risk factors influencing root canal working length accessibility. Int J Oral Sci 2011;3(3):135-40.
Ersev H, Yilmaz B, Dincol ME, Daglaroglu R. The efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment instrumentation to remove single guttapercha cones cemented with several endodontic sealers. Int Endod J 2012;45(8):756-62.
Ma J, Al-Ashaw AJ, Shen Y, Gao Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, et al. Efficacy of ProTaper Universal rotary retreatment system for gutta-percha removal from oval root canals: a micro-computed tomography study. J Endod 2012;38(11):1516-20.
Kfir A, Tsesis I, Yakirevich E, Matalon S, Abramovitz I. The efficacy of five techniques for removing root filling material: microscopic versus radiographic evaluation. Int Endod J 2012;45(1):35-41.
So MV, De Figueiredo JA, Freitas Fachin EV, Hungaro Duarte MA, Pereira JR, Kuga MC, et al. Clinical microscopic analysis of ProTaper retreatment system efficacy considering root canal thirds using three endodontic sealers. Microsc Res Tech 2012;75(9):1233-6.
Akisue E, Gavini G, de Figueiredo JA. Influence of pulp vitality on length determination by using the Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(4):e129-32.
Renner D, Grazziotin-Soares R, Gavini G, Barletta FB. Influence of pulp condition on the accuracy of an electronic foramen locator in posterior teeth: an in vivo study. Braz Oral Res 2012;26(2):106-11.
Somma F, Castagnola R, Lajolo C, Paterno Holtzman L, Marigo L. In vivo accuracy of three electronic root canal length measurement devices: Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex II. Int Endod J 2012;45(6):552-6.
Mull JP, Manjunath V, Manjunath M. Comparison of accuracy of two electronic apex locators in the presence of various irrigants: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012;15(2):178-82.
Leonardo MR, Silva LA, Nelson-Filho P, Silva RA, Raffaini MS. Ex vivo evaluation of the accuracy of two electronic apex locators during root canal length determination in primary teeth. Int Endod J 2008;41(4): 317-21.
Plotino G, Grande NM, Brigante L, Lesti B, Somma F. Ex vivo accuracy of three electronic apex locators: Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator and ProPex. Int Endod J 2006;39(5):408-14.
Herrera M, Abalos C, Lucena C, Jimenez-Planas A, Llamas R. Critical diameter of apical foramen and of file size using the Root ZX apex locator: an in vitro study. J Endod 2011;37(9):1306-9.
Chevalier V, Arbab-Chirani R, Nicolas M, Morin V. Occurrence of nofunction of two electronic apex locators: an in vivo study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108(6):e61-5.
Ricucci D, Langeland K. Apical limit of root canal instrumentation and obturation, part 2. A histological study. Int Endod J 1998;31(6):394-409.
Lee SJ, Nam KC, Kim YJ, Kim DW. Clinical accuracy of a new apex locator with an automatic compensation circuit. J Endod 2002;28(10):706-9.
Martinez-Lozano MA, Forner-Navarro L, Sanchez-Cortes JL, Llena-Puy C. Methodological considerations in the determination of working length. Int Endod J 2001;34(5):371-6.
Dummer PM, McGinn JH, Rees DG. The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and apical foramen. Int Endod J 1984;17(4): 192-8.
ElAyouti A, Lost C. A simple mounting model for consistent determination of the accuracy and repeatability of apex locators. Int Endod J 2006;39(2):108-12.
Altenburger MJ, Tchorz JP, Somma F. In vivo accuracy of three electronic root canal length measurement devices: Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5 and ProPex II. Int Endod J 2012;45(11):1053-4.
Ebrahim AK, Wadachi R, Suda H. Ex vivo evaluation of the ability of four different electronic apex locators to determine the working length in teeth with various foramen diameters. Aust Dent J 2006;51(3):258-62.
McDonald NJ. The electronic determination of working length. Dent Clin North Am 1992;36(2):293-307.
Waki H. A study of the electronic method for measuring the root canal length – AC impedance of reamer tip in electrolyte. Jpn J Conserv Dent 1981;24:115-31.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT
The submission of originals to Odonto Ciência implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Odonto Ciência as the site of original publication.
CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE
As this journal is open access, the articles are allowed free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source.
According to the type of Creative Commons License (CC-BY 4.0) adopted by Odonto Ciência, the user must respect the requirements below.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
However, only under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Odonto Ciência endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
For more details on the Creative Commons license, please follow the link in the footer of this website.
