Toxicity and adverse effects of antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment of pediatric patients: integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1983-652X.2019.1.30329Keywords:
toxicity, adverse effects, oncology, chemotherapy, pediatrics.Abstract
Introduction: The childhood and juvenile cancer is considered rare when compared to adult cancer, however, the incidence rates have increased in past years. The use of chemotherapy agents is one of the therapeutic modalities of cancer treatment. Due to the non-specific action of the chemotherapy agents, adverse effects and toxicity occur. Adverse effects and toxicities must be monitored, graded and reported.
Objective: To know the Brazilian and international scientific productions on the adverse effects and toxicity of the chemotherapy treatment in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods an integrative review carried out in the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS),databases, with the use of the following key-words: “toxicity”, “adverse effects”, “oncology”, “chemotherapy” and “pediatrics”. Were included in the study articles that were published between 2011 and 2016, in languages Portuguese, English or Spanish, that were available as a free ful text, without any restriction of accessibility.
Results: Thirteen articles were selected, as they contemplated the study objective. Only two of them were Brazilian publications. Among the mentioned toxicities are cardiotoxicity, febrile neutropenia, mucositis, peripheral neuropathy, central neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and ototoxicity. Eight articles rated toxicity, while seven did not. Asparaginase, vincristine and doxorubicin, were some of the antineoplastic chemotherapy agents present in the studies.
Conclusion: Although the cure rates for pediatric cancer are high and the treatment advances, we must consider the toxicity of the treatment for these patients. The present literature emphasizes the necessity of developing new studies that aim to identify the treatment related toxicities correlated to the antineoplastic treatment. There is a reinforcement of the necessity to register e classify the toxicities in order to generate more knowledge about the adverse effects and toxicities related to the use of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, it is essential the follow up of the late toxicities of pediatric cancer survivors due to the impact of them in their development and quality of life.
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