Preoperative fasting in hospitalized patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1983-652X.2013.3.13603Keywords:
starvation, preoperative period, preoperative careAbstract
Introduction: The metabolic response to surgical trauma is potencialized by prolonged preoperative fasting. Studies show that reducing the duration of fasting with the intake of liquids containing carbohydrates in the preoperative period, does not result in increased risk of morbidity associated with anesthesia.
Objective: To review the current recommendations on the literature about preoperative fasting in hospitalized patients.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature review study using the databases Medline/Pubmed, Embase and Lilacs, considering works published from 2002 until 2012, with the indexing terms: fasting, starvation, preoperative and preoperative care.
Results: Twenty studies were included in the review. Results were found regarding the consequences of reducing the preoperative fasting by using a solution of liquid enriched with carbohydrate. The results showed that the use of the solution determines greater satisfaction, less irritability, increased gastric pH and foremost reduces the catabolic response to surgical stress, with consequent improvement in postoperative recovery.
Conclusions: The results of consistent clinical studies have led to question old paradigms and to give way to more modern practices. Solutions containing carbohydrate and other nutrients are promising regarding the improvement in endocrine-metabolic response to trauma. Patient satisfaction should also be considered, and is larger when employing shorter periods of fasting preoperatively.
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