A Estratégia de Especialização e Vantagem Competitivaem Ambientes Turbulentos Sob a Ótica da Teoria Ecológica

Abstract

In the contemporary competitive environment, the organizations face growing uncertainty due to changes in their own as well as changes emerging from other social elements, like economic agents, regulation and investors. Facing this reality of growing complexity and instability in the market, theories that consider organizations as open systems, and the environment as a determining factor to success or to failure, like the ecology, has gotten importance. Inside ecology, the niche width theory turns to the organizational strategy, stating that specialized companies with restrict structures can prevail over the generalists, providing them with conditions to reach higher agility and efficiency according to the environmental variation over time and space and the granularity or the availability of products in time and space. In turbulence specifically, characterized by a high variation of environmental conditions, the specialization strategy would be considered the most suitable to provide competitive advantage. By the revision of academic material that tackle the relationship between specialization strategy and competitive advantage, as well as related concepts, this paper intends to explore this relationship, highlighting the opportunity to get advantage from those conditions provided by turbulence through specialization.