Racionalização do trabalho e ergonomia: estudo no setor de expedição da indústria de autopeças Lunko Metalurgia Ltda.
Abstract
Este artigo relata uma pesquisa realizada na indústria de autopeças situada na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, cujo objetivo foi apresentar propostas para otimizar o trabalho dos funcionários do setor de expedição. O referencial teórico utilizado fundamenta-se em três pilares: logística, análise e racionalização do trabalho e ergonomia. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa-ação, empregando observação participante, documentação, cronometragem, análise de fotografias e entrevistas com os funcionários do setor de expedição, com o médico do trabalho e com o gerente da qualidade da empresa. Foram encontrados diversos aspectos passíveis de racionalização, para os quais foram propostas algumas soluções. Os resultados comprovam que, mesmo hoje, os princípios de organização e métodos voltados para a racionalização do trabalho operacional ainda podem ser aplicados na indústria. Ademais, muitas oportunidades de melhorias podem ser detectadas através das técnicas utilizadas por Taylor no início do século XX, as quais podem associar-se a novos recursos tecnológicos e adaptar- se à postura crítica e participativa que as empresas desejam de seus funcionários.
Palavras-chave: Logística. Racionalização do Trabalho. Ergonomia.
Abstract
This article relates on a research done in an automobile spare parts industry located in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre in Brazil. The objective was to present proposals in order to optimize the work of the employees from the delivery department. The theoretical reference is based on three matters: logistics, work analysis and rationalization, and ergonomics. The applied method was action research, making use of participant observation, documentation, timing, photo analysis, and interviews with employees from the delivery department, with the quality manager and with the company doctor. Several rationalization aspects were encountered in which some solutions were proposed. The results proved that even in the 21st century, Organization and Methods principles on the rationalization of the operational work can still be applied in the industry. Furthermore, most improvement opportunities may be detected through the techniques used by Frederick Taylor in the early 20th century. They can be associated to new technological resources and also adapted to the critical and participative attitude that most companies want out of their employees.
Keywords: Logistics. Work Rationalization. Ergonomics.
JEL Classification: M11 – Production management. L62 – Automobiles and Other transportation equipment.
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