Ações de apoio ao compartilhamento do conhecimento em arranjos produtivos locais: reflexões a partir do caso do ABC paulista
Abstract
Este artigo discute o potencial que o compartilhamento do conhecimento entre diferentes firmas possui para a criação de vantagens competitivas coletivas. Apresenta-se um referencial analítico que destaca os possíveis benefícios obtidos da capacidade de se compartilhar conhecimento e sublinha-se que o conhecimento e seu compartilhamento são relevantes no âmbito de redes de pequenas empresas (PEs), pois tal ação facilita a coordenação entre os participantes de redes, contribuindo para superar fragilidade das PEs. Ao adotar a prática do compartilhamento do conhecimento, PEs em aglomerações geográficas podem se beneficiar de suas atitudes cooperativas, sem perda da autonomia na gestão ou no processo de tomada de decisões. Apesar das evidentes vantagens de tal compartilhamento, há restrições concretas para a adoção, o que limita o alcance de políticas de estímulo a esse tipo de arranjo. A ilustração caberá ao caso das PEs da aglomeração de transformadores plásticos no ABC paulista: o baixo nível de confiança entre os empresários inibe as de ações de cooperação.
Palavras-chave: Compartilhamento do conhecimento. Pequenas empresas. Vantagens competitivas coletivas.
Abstract
In this paper we present theoretical elements that stress the benefits obtained from the capacity of sharing knowledge. We discuss the potential of sharing knowledge among different firms, in order to foster the creation of collective competitive advantages. We underline that the knowledge is especially important in the ambit of networks of small firms (SFs) and its sharing contributes for overcoming the fragility of SFs. If the practice of sharing knowledge is adopted, SFs in geographic agglomerations can acquire advantages from co-operative attitudes, though maintaining their autonomy in management and decision taking. In order to complement the theoretical framework, we address the example of SFs from the cluster of plastic converters, in the Region of ABC in São Paulo, Brazil. Although there are opportunities for knowledge sharing related to technological and productive features, local “atmosphere” does not favor the development of closer relationships among firms and between these ones and outsiders, mainly due to low reliance among entrepreneurs.
Key words: Knowledge sharing. Small firms. Collective competitive advantage.
Jel Classification: R11 – Regional economic activity: growth, development, and changes.
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