O crescimento econômico do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1990 e 2002
Abstract
O artigo analisa o movimento da economia gaúcha entre 1990 e 2002, comparando-o com a economia brasileira e tendo como referência a evolução da economia estadual nas décadas anteriores. Os dados envolvem o PIB total, setorial e per capita, o comércio exterior, a produção física e os valores da produção da indústria de transformação e aspectos demográficos e ocupacionais. São avaliados o crescimento da economia estadual, sua distribuição setorial, o desempenho do setor externo, os níveis de produtividade econômica total e setorial do pessoal ocupado, a elasticidade da ocupação em relação às variações do produto, bem como a geração de produto per capita. Rejeita-se as hipóteses de insuficiência estrutural (ausência de segmentos produtivos importantes) e/ou insuficiência dinâmica (baixo crescimento) da matriz produtiva estadual. Sugere-se a hipótese de que um novo padrão de articulação da economia gaúcha com os mercados nacional e externo emergiu da reestruturação produtiva dos anos 90. Nesse novo padrão, o aspecto decisivo e diferencial para o crescimento da economia gaúcha, relativamente ao Brasil, parece ser a grande importância do mercado exterior para o produto industrial.
Palavras-chave: Economia do Rio Grande do Sul. Crescimento Econômico. Macroeconomia Regional.
Abstract
The paper describes and analyses the movement of the economy of Rio Grande do Sul, in the period 1990-2002, comparing it with the broader movement of the Brazilian economy and with its performance in the previous two decades. The data analyzed refers to the Gross Regional Product (total, by sectors and per capita), to foreign trade, to physical and nominal value of production of manufacturing sector and to demographic and occupational aspects. The paper evaluates the growth of the regional economy, its composition, the performance of the foreign sector, the total and activity productivity of labor, and the elasticity of occupation to variations of product. The analysis concludes rejecting the hypothesis of structural or dynamic insufficiency of regional productive matrix. The conclusion also suggests the hypothesis that there is a new pattern of articulation of the regional economy with the national and external markets, which emerged of the productive restructuration of the 90’s. In this new pattern, the importance of foreign market for industrial product seems to be the key and distinctive element to explain the economic growth of the regional economy in relation to the national economy
Key words: Economy of Rio Grande do Sul. Economic growth. Regional macroeconomics.
JEL Classification: R11 – Regional economic activity: growth, development, and changes.
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