The The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict: A Conjuncture Analysis of the Situation in Armenia
A Conjuncture Analysis of the Situation in Armenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2178-5694.2025.1.48150Keywords:
Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenia, Azerbaijan, War, ConflictAbstract
This paper analyzes the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from the Armenian perspective, seeking to understand the room for maneuver available to the Armenian government. To this end, it begins with a historical survey of the main developments that led to the conflict involving Armenia, Azerbaijan and the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. From there, it seeks to analyze the current situation considering recent events after September 2023 until May 2025 through a SWOT analysis of the Armenian position, regarding the internal and external aspects of the conflict with Azerbaijan. Finally, considering the SWOT methodology for analyzing the conflict situation, a conclusion will be drawn that understands the situation in Armenia, also indicating whether there is any possible path for the country's defense.
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