Entrenamiento Cognitivo de la Atención y Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños con Autismo
Meta-Análisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2025.1.42282Palabras clave:
cognición, autismo, niños, intervención, metaanálisisResumen
La atención y las funciones ejecutivas son habilidades comúnmente afectadas en niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Así, la efectividad del entrenamiento cognitivo en esta población sigue siendo incierta. Por lo tanto, este metanálisis objetivó evaluar la efectividad de los entrenamientos cognitivos disponibles para mejorar las habilidades directamente entrenadas y no entrenadas. La búsqueda en las bases de datos SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, PubMed y listas de referencias resulto en siete artículos analizados en cuanto a calidad, riesgo de sesgo y tamaño del efecto, que abarcan 213 participantes. El tamaño del efecto fue medio para los dominios cognitivos entrenados, con efectos mayores para el entrenamiento cognitivo de la atención. Las habilidades no entrenadas también se beneficiaron, especialmente la interacción social y la comunicación. Se necesitan estudios futuros para evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento cognitivo en otras habilidades, como las académicas, y en componentes específicos de las funciones ejecutivas, como el control inhibitorio.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Alanny Nunes de Santana, Antonio Roazzi
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
