Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in dentistry: limitations and adverse effects

Authors

  • Gleicy Fátima Medeiros de Souza Universidade de Pernambuco
  • Luciano Cruz de Barros Caldas Residencia do Hospital da restauração/SESPE
  • Gessyca Suielly Melo Matos da Silva Universidade de Pernambuco

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2015.4.14135

Keywords:

Dentistry, Anti-Inflammatory agents, Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, Adverse effects, Therapeutic use, Contraindications

Abstract

The coxibs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) highly selective for COX-2, an enzyme related to inflammatory processes. At first, their use should present advantages over nonselective NSAIDs, since the inflammatory efficacy would be present but with minimal adverse effects. However, its widespread use showed significant cardiovascular risk and, in treatment over 6 months, predisposition to ulceration, bleeding and stomach pain. The coxibs should be used in patients over 60 years, with a history of peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic users of corticosteroids and anticoagulants without concomitant cardiovascular risk. Moreover, they are more expensive and have similar analgesic efficacy to non-selective NSAIDs. In dentistry, the main indications are related to the control of pain and inflammation for a maximum of 3 days or preemptively in oral surgery to control pain and swelling. However, there is no major evidence of the benefits of using these drugs compared to traditional NSAIDs in dentistry.

Author Biography

Gleicy Fátima Medeiros de Souza, Universidade de Pernambuco

Faculdade de Odontologia/Disciplina de Farmacologia e Terapêutica

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Published

2016-03-21

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 4 (2015)

Section

Literature Review

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