Alterações periodontais durante a movimentação dentária induzida em ratos
Abstract
Durante a aplicação de uma força constante e leve, eventos mecânicos e bioquímicos se sucedem, resultando na movimentação dentária. O deslocamento dentário inicial, ainda nos limites da largura alveolar, leva ao extravasamento do fluido do ligamento periodontal, compressão parcial dos vasos sanguíneos e distorção mecânica de fibras e células do ligamento periodontal. As alterações do fluxo sanguíneo acarretam a liberação de mediadores bioquímicos que resultam no recrutamento de osteoclastos e, conseqüentemente, na remodelação óssea. Neste trabalho, os autores se propuseram a avaliar as alterações do periodonto de inserção durante a movimentação dentária induzida em ratos. A amostra foi constituída por nove ratos, divididos em três grupos, cujos primeiros molares superiores direitos foram movimentados utilizando-se uma força de 0,5 N. Os primeiros molares superiores esquerdos desempenharam o papel do grupo controle. Os animais do grupo 1 tiveram seus dentes movimentados por três dias, os do grupo 2, por sete dias e os do grupo 3, por catorze dias. Os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e analisados em microscopia óptica. Verificou-se, durante os primeiros dias de aplicação de força, um predomínio dos fenômenos de neoformação óssea no lado de tração e de reabsorção óssea no lado de pressão.
UNITERMOS: movimentação dentária; ligamento periodontal.
SUMMARY
During application of a Constant light force, mechanic and biochemical events follow, resulting in dental movement, early dental movement, still within the limits of the alveolar width leads to leakage of periodontal ligament fluid, partial compression of blood vessels, and mechanical distortion of fibers and periodontal ligament cells. Alterations in blood flux lead to release of biochemical mediators which result in recruitment of osteoclasts, e, and consequently, in bone remodeling. In this study, the authors proposed to evaluate alterations in the insertion periodontum during induced dental movement in rats. The sample was composed of nine rats, divided in three groups , whose right upper first molars were moved using a force of 0,5 N. the left upper first molars played the role of control group. The animals in group 1 had their teeth moved during 3 days, those in group 2, seven days and those in group 3, 14 days. Histological cuts were stained with hematoxilin and eosin and analyzed under optical microscope. We verified, during the first days of force application, a dominance of bone neoforming phenomena in the traction side and of bone reabsorption on the pressure side.
UNITERMS: tooth movement; periodontal ligament.
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