O hábito do tabagismo entre adolescentes na cidade de Recife e os fatores associados
Abstract
Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência do tabagismo entre adolescentes com 12, 15, 16 e 20 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, e relacionar a experiência com o tabaco com a idade, o gênero, grau de escolaridade dos pais, pais e amigos fumantes e pais separados. A coleta de dados foi realizada, através da aplicação de questionários validados, na rede de ensino da cidade de Recife, em 2004. A amostra foi composta por 240 estudantes, 60 em cada idade selecionada, que freqüentavam escolas de ensino fundamental e médio, públicas e particulares, e universidades públicas UPE e UFPE. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o teste quiquadrado de independência. As prevalências obtidas por idade foram de 6,7%, aos 12 anos; 5,0%, aos 15; 16,7%, aos 16 e 5,0% aos 20. Verificou-se também que 20,0% dos jovens com 12 anos, 51,7% dos que tinham 16 anos e 40,0% daqueles com 20 anos já haviam fumado um cigarro todo pelo menos uma vez. A idade que apresentou maior experiência com o tabaco foi 16 anos, não havendo relação entre gênero e grau de escolaridade dos pais. Pode-se concluir que os adolescentes entram em contato com o hábito do tabagismo muito cedo, sendo a fase de adolescência média aquela de maior risco, independente do gênero e grau de escolaridade dos pais. Pais e amigos fumantes, e pais separados são variáveis que devem ser considerados na abordagem do jovem em campanhas anti tabágicas.
UNITERMOS: tabagismo; adolescente; fatores de risco; comportamento do adolescente.
SUMMARY
This study aims to verify tobacco smoking prevalence among 12-15-16-20-year-old adolescents, both males and females, and relate tobacco smoking to age, gender, parents’ schooling, parents and friends’ tobacco smoking habit and divorced parents. The data was collected by applying validated questionnaires at public and private schools in the city of Recife (Brazil). The sample consisted of 240 students, 60 at each selected age, attending public schools and particular schools, and state and federal universities (UPE and UFPE). The data was analyzed by using the Chi-square test of independence. Twelve-year-old students presented a prevalence of 6.7%; 15-year-old students, 5.0%; 16-year-old students, 16.7% and the 20-year-old ones, 5.0%. It was verified that 20.0% of the 12- year-old youngesters, 51.7% of the 16-year-old youngesters and 40.0% of the 20-year-old ones had once already smoked a whole cigarette. The 16-year-old students presented greater tobacco smoking experience. It was found no relation to gender or parent’s schooling and tobacco smoking habit. One may conclude that adolescents start smoking early, being the ones aged between the ages 15 and 16 at greater risk. There was no relation to gender or parent schooling and tobacco smoking. Parents and friend’s tobacco smoking habit and divorced parents have to be considered to young approach in anti tabacco campaigns.
UNITERMS: smoking; adolescent; risk factors; adolescent behavior.
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