Aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e microbianos de uma família com expressiva prevalência de doença periodontal
Abstract
A periodontite agressiva é caracterizada por uma rápida perda de inserção conjuntiva e destruição óssea, podendo ocorrer na forma localizada ou generalizada. Na periodontite agressiva localizada ocorre o comprometimento, principalmente, dos dentes incisivos e primeiros molares permanentes. É a forma de doença periodontal mais associada com Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. De modo distinto, a forma generalizada da periodontite agressiva afeta vários dentes em um ou ambos os arcos dentários. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer através de exames clínicos, radiográficos e microbianos o diagnóstico de uma família com expressiva prevalência de doença periodontal. Foram incluídos 5 indivíduos da mesma família, os quais foram submetidos à exame clínico periodontal e exame radiográfico de todos os dentes. Para a análise microbiológica foram selecionados no mínimo dois dentes para cada indivíduo, e a presença de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans foi determinada pelo método de cultura bacteriana e reação em cadeia da polimerase. Dos indivíduos examinados, dois receberam o diagnóstico de periodontite incipiente, dois de periodontite agressiva localizada e um de periodontite agressiva generalizada. O Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans de máxima leucotoxicidade foi detectado em todos os indivíduos. Com base nestes resultados observou- se que os indivíduos apresentavam a mesma característica microbiana e diferenças na expressão e severidade da doença periodontal, sugerindo que outros fatores poderiam estar presentes modificando a manifestação clínica da doença.
UNITERMOS: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; diagnóstico; periodontite agressiva.
SUMMARY
Agressive periodontitis is characterized by rapid attachment loss bone destruction, that can be occur in generalized or localized forms. Localized agressive periodontitis affects incisors and first permanent molars. This is the type of periodontal disease frequently associated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The generalized agressive periodontitis can involve more teeth in an arch or an entire dentition. The aim of this study was to determinate the diagnosis of a family with a expressive prevalence of periodontal disease by clinical, radiographic and microbiological exams. Five subjects were included in this study, who were submitted to periodontal clinical exam and radiographic exams in all present teeth. Microbiological assay to detect the possible presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was obteined from two teeth in each subject and determined by culture and polimerase chain reaction exams. Two subject received the diagnosis of incipient periodontitis, two localized agresive periodontitis and one generalized agressive peridontitis. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with high leucotoxity was detected in all subjects. After analysis of the results it is possible to observe that the subjects had the same microbiological feature and differences in expression and severity of the periodontal disease. Its suggest that other factors can be present and modifying clinical conditions in disease.
UNITERMS: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; diagnosis; agressive periodontitis.
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