Alterações histológicas e de conteúdo mineral na área de correção de fenda alveolar por distração osteogênica - <i>in vivo</i>
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi de avaliar as alterações de características histológicas e no conteúdo mineral na área de regeneração entre superfícies ósseas aproximadas por distração osteogênica. Foi criado cirurgicamente defeito alveolar, com 4 mm de largura, 6 mm em comprimento e 10 mm em profundidade, em três suínos jovens Sus scropha. Os distratores foram fixados no palato com a finalidade de transportar o segmento ósseo, delimitado por corticotomia, no sentido do fechamento do defeito criado. A área do defeito foi recoberta subperiostamente com membrana absorvível de colágeno e a ativação do parafuso foi iniciada com 1 mm/dia. Os animais testados foram sacrificados no 27º e 48º de cicatrização e o animal controle, que não passou por procedimento cirúrgico algum, foi sacrificado aos três meses de idade. Análise histológica e de energia dispersiva por raios-X (EDXA) revelaram diferenças das características do reparo em relação ao crescimento, observando-se a formação de pontes ósseas entre as superfícies ósseas e deposição gradativa de elementos minerais até os 48 dias de reparo. Ainda, menor densidade mineral foi observada na área de reparo.
UNITERMOS: regeneração óssea; distração osteogênica; membrana de colágeno; EDXA.
SUMMARY
The aim of this pilot study was to appraise the mineral contents and histological changes in the woven bone formed between two bone surfaces approximated by osteodistraction. Alveolar defect standardized with 4 mm in width, 6 mm in length and 10 mm in depth was surgically generated in three female Sus scropha young pigs. Distraction devices were attached on the palate in order to transport the bone segment towards the defect and corticotomy was performed. The defect surface was covered with the collagen resorbable membrane and the screw activation started at the rate of 1 mm/day. Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 27th and 48th days of healing, and the control animal, that did not undergo any surgical procedure, was sacrificed at about three months of age. The histological study and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis were developed in each sample, and revealed different characteristics between bone healing and growth. Although lower mineral density was found at the healing zone, bone bridge formation and marked mineral peaks were noted at the defect correction area in 48 days.
UNITERMS: bone healing; distraction osteogenesis; collagen membrane; EDXA.
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