A autocompaixão em mulheres e relações com autoestima, autoeficácia e aspectos sociodemográficos

Autores

  • Luciana Karine de Souza Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
  • Claudio Simon Hutz Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2016.2.21185

Palavras-chave:

Compaixão, Autoavaliação, Autoestima, Autoeficácia, Mulheres.

Resumo

Estudos mostram que mulheres são mais acometidas por sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, na comparação com homens. Uma das maneiras de se contrabalançar tais sintomas é através da autocompaixão. Em estudo brasileiro prévio, mulheres apresentaram menor autocompaixão do que homens. O presente estudo investigou diferenças na autocompaixão em 327 mulheres com respeito à autoestima, autoeficácia e aspectos sociodemográficos. As participantes responderam um questionário sociodemográfico e escalas de autocompaixão, autoestima e autoeficácia. Comparações etárias e com variáveis sociodemográficas foram realizadas mediante testes t. Os resultados significativos encontrados para autocompaixão foram ter mais de 30 anos, praticar uma religião, não usar medicamento psiquiátrico e ter filhos. O trabalho permitiu a identificação de variáveis que sugerem direções para futuras pesquisas sobre autocompaixão em mulheres. Um exemplo é a questão da relação entre ter filhos e maior autocompaixão, o que pode sugerir que habilidades maternas e estilos parentais possam desempenhar papel importante nessa questão.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Abaci, R. & Arda, D. (2013). Relationship between self-compassion and job satisfaction in white-collar workers. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 2241-2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.255

Arch, J., Brown, K., Dean, D., Landy, L., Brown, K., & Laudenslager, M. (2014). Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women.

Psychoneuroendocrinology, 42, 49-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.018

Bagley, C. & Mallick, K. (1997). Self-esteem and religiosity: comparison of 13- to 15-year-old students in catholic and public junior high schools. Canadian Journal of Education, 22(1), 89-92. Recuperado de http://www.csse-scee.ca/CJE/Articles/FullText/CJE22-1/CJE22-1-Bagley.pdf. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1585814.

Bertoldi, A., Barros, A., Hallal, P., & Lima, R. (2004). Utilização de medicamentos em adultos: prevalência e determinantes individuais. Revista de Saúde Pública, 38(2), 228-238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102004000200012

Brandtner, M. & Bardagi, M. (2009). Sintomatologia de depressão e ansiedade em estudantes de uma universidade privada do Rio Grande do Sul. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia, 2(2), 81-91. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/gerais/v2n2/v2n2a04.pdf.

Byrne, P. (2012). I believe; I can. The relationship between religiosity, general self-efficacy and locus of control. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Higher Diploma in Psychology at Dublin Business School of Arts, Dublin. Recuperado de http://esource.dbs.ie/handle/10788/462.

Correia, K. & Borloti, E. (2011). Mulher e depressão: uma análise comportamental-contextual. Acta Comportamentalia, 19(3), 359-373. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/actac/v19n3/a07.pdf.

Daye, C., Webb, J., & Jafari, N. (2014). Exploring self-compassion as a refuge against recalling the body-related shaming of caregiver eating messages on dimensions of objectified body consciousness in college women. Body Image, 11(4), 547-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.08.001

Duncan, L., Coatsworth, J., & Greenberg, M. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: implications for parent–child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12, 255-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3

Ferguson, L., Kowalski, K., Mack, D., & Sabiston, A. (2014). Exploring self-compassion and eudaimonic well-being in young women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36(2), 203-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0096

Hutz, C. S. & Zanon, C. (2011). Revisão da adaptação, validação e normatização da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Avaliação Psicológica, 10(1), 41-49. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v10n1/v10n1a05.pdf.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2014). Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Percepção do estado de saúde, estilos de vida e doenças crônicas. Brasil, grandes regiões e unidades da federação. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.

Jeffries, S. & Konnert, C. (2002). Regret and psychological well-being among voluntarily and involuntarily childless women and mothers. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 54(2), 89-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/J08N-VBVG-6PXM-0TTN

Joshi, S., Kumari, S., & Jain, M. (2008). Religious belief and its relation to psychological well-being. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34(2), 345-354. Recuperado de: http://medind.nic.in/jak/t08/i2/jakt08i2p345.pdf.

Judge, T. & Bono, J. (2001). Relationship of core self-valuations traits – self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability – with job satisfaction and job performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/00219010.86.1.80

Justo, L. & Calil, H. (2006). Depressão – o mesmo acometimento para homens e mulheres? Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 33(2), 74-79. Recuperado de http://urutu.hcnet.usp.br/ipq/revista/vol33/n2/74.html.

Liss, M. & Erchull, M. (2015). Not hating what you see: self-compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectification in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.006

Maltby, J., Lewin, C., & Day, L. (1999). Religious orientation and psychological well-being: the role of the frequency of personal prayer. British Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 363-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910799168704

Mosewich, A., Crocker, P., Kowalski, K., & Delongis, A. (2013). Applying self-compassion in sport: an intervention with women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 35(5), 514-524. Recuperado de http://www.humankinetics.com/acucustom/sitename/Documents/DocumentItem/07_Mosewich_JSEP_0008.pdf.

Mosewich, A., Kowalski, K., Sabiston, C., Sedgwick, W., & Tracy, J. (2011). Self-compassion: a potential resource for young women athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(1), 103-123. Recuperado de http://citeseerx. ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=127CE050D9EFC70A3644206271C526BD?doi=10.1.1.383.7878&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Neely, M., Schallert, D., Mohammed, S., Roberts, R., & Chen, Y.-J. (2009). Self-kindness when facing stress: the role of self-compassion, goal regulation, and support in college students’ well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 33, 88-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11031-008-9119-8

Neff, K. (2003a). Self-compassion: an alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860390129863

Neff, K. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860390209035

Neff, K., Hsieh, Y.-P., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317

Neff, K. & Lamb, L. (2009). Self-Compassion. In S. Lopez (Org.). The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology (pp. 864-867). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Neff, K. & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9, 225-240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307

Neff, K. & Pommier, E. (2013). The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing meditators. Self and Identity, 12(2), 160-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.649546

Neff, K. & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77(1), 23-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x

Pacico, J. C., Ferraz, S. B., & Hutz, C. S. (2014). Autoeficácia – yes we can! In C. S. Hutz (Org.). Avaliação em psicologia positiva (pp. 111-120). Porto Alegre: ArtMed.

Phillips, W. & Ferguson, S. (2013). Self-compassion: a resource for positive aging. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(4), 529-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs091

Raes, F. (2011). The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Mindfulness, 2, 33-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0040-y

Reis, N., Kowalski, K., Ferguson, L., Sabiston, C., Sedgwick, W., & Crocker, P. (2015). Self-compassion and women athletes’ responses to emotionally difficult sport situations: an evaluation of a brief induction. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 16, 18-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2010000400007

Schoenefeld, S. & Webb, J. (2013). Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors, 14(4), 493-496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001

Shapira, L. & Mongrain, M. (2010). The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(5), 377-389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.516763

Souza, L. K. de & Hutz, C. S. (2016a). Adaptation of the Self-Compassion Scale for use in Brazil: evidences of construct validity. Temas em Psicologia, 24(1), 159-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/TP2016.1-11

Souza, L. K. de & Hutz, C. S. (2016b). Self-compassion in relation to self-esteem, self-efficacy and demographical aspects. Paideia, 26(64), 181-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272664201604

Twenge, J. & Campbell, W. (2001). Age and birth cohort differences in self-esteem: a cross-temporal meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(4), 321-344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0504_3

Van Dam, N., Sheppard, S., Forsyth, J., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011

Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A., & MacLellan, A. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body Image, 9(2), 236-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.007

Wei, M., Liao, K., Ku, T.-Y., & Shaffer, P. (2011). Attachment, self-compassion, empathy, and subjective well-being among college students and community adults. Journal of Personality, 79(1), 191-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00677.x

Yarnell, L., Stafford, R., Neff, K., Reilly, E., Knox, M., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499-520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966

Downloads

Publicado

2016-05-12

Como Citar

Souza, L. K. de, & Hutz, C. S. (2016). A autocompaixão em mulheres e relações com autoestima, autoeficácia e aspectos sociodemográficos. Psico, 47(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2016.2.21185

Edição

Seção

Artigos

Artigos mais lidos pelo mesmo(s) autor(es)