Formaldeído na odontologia: aspectos antimicrobianos, carcinogênicos e mutagênicos. Um estudo da sua viabilidade na clínica odontológica
Abstract
O formaldeído é um medicamento usado na prática odontológica desde o século XVIII. Ele foi um dos agentes medicamentosos mais usados na Odontologia, ao se tratar de terapêutica pulpar. Porém, apesar de apresentar alto índice de sucesso clínico e radiográfico, têm-se dado atenção especial para as propriedades tóxicas deste material. O presente artigo visa revisar a ação do formaldeído sobre os tecidos dentários, enfatizando os aspectos citotóxicos e antimicrobianos, considerando sua ação sobre cultura de células e de bactérias, em diferentes concentrações, e seus efeitos mutagênicos e carcinogênicos. Pode-se concluir que, apesar de ser um eficiente antimicrobiano, o formaldeído apresenta numerosos efeitos citopatológicos, além de ser mutagênico e carcinogênico.
UNITERMOS: formaldeído, odontologia, citotoxicidade.
SUMMARY
Formaldehyde is a medicine used in the clinical practice since the 18th century. It was one of the medical agents most used in Dentistry, dealing with pulpar therapy. However, althought it presents high levels of clinical and radiographic success, special attention has been given to its toxical properties. This article aims to make a revision on the action of the formaldehyde over the dental tissues, emphasizing its cytotoxics and antimicrobial aspects, and its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. It can be concluded that, despite of being an efficient antimicrobian, formaldehyde presents numerous cytopathologic effects, besides of being mutagenic and carcinogenic.
UNITERMS: formaldehyde, dentistry, cytotoxicity.
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