Avaliação cefalométrica da orofaringe
Abstract
Introdução: O estabelecimento dos valores normais referentes ao espaço orofaríngeo é um assunto que deve ser do interesse do dentista. Caso alterações deste espaço não sejam diagnosticadas e tratadas, podem acarretar em atraso e recidiva do tratamento ortodôntico em casos de interposição lingual – onde o espaço pode estar aumentado – ou em sérios distúrbios respiratórios, no caso de um estreitamento do mesmo. Proposição: O objetivo da pesquisa foi obter índices cefalométricos de normalidade para a profundidade da orofaringe. Materiais e método: Foram utilizadas as radiografias cefalométricas laterais de 180 indivíduos brasileiros, divididos em três faixas etárias. A partir das radiografias foram feitos traçados, sobre os quais foram realizadas medições. Resultados: Verificou-se que a profundidade da orofaringe aumenta entre 6 e 24 anos de idade, e não existem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os gêneros masculino e feminino. Foi observado ainda que os valores médios da profundidade da orofaringe são maiores nos indivíduos que apresentam maloclusão Classe III do que naqueles que apresentam maloclusões Classes I e II (Angle). O resultado do tratamento estatístico demonstrou que existe diferença significante entre os valores médios das faixas etárias 6-11 e 18-24 anos. Conclusão: Os índices de normalidade da profundidade da orofaringe são: de 8,76 mm a 14,86 mm para a faixa etária 6-11 anos; de 9,07 mm a 15,07 mm para a faixa etária 12-17 anos; e de 9,55 mm a 16,99 mm para a faixa etária 18-24 anos.
UNITERMOS: orofaringe, cefalometria, ortodontia.
SUMMARY
Introduction: The establishment of normal values for the oropharynx space must be of the dentist’s interest. Non diagnosed and treated alterations of this space can cause the collapse of the orthodontic treatment in the case of tongue interposition – in which the space may be enlarged – or serious respiratory disturbance, due to its constriction. Proposition: The purpose of this research has been to achieve normality cephalometric indexes related to the depth of the oropharynx. Lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from 180 Brazilian subjects aged between 6 and 24 years were used. Tracings have been made from the radiographs and cephalometric measurements have been accomplished. Results: The results have shown that the depth of the oropharynx increases between 6 and 24 years of age, and there are no significant statistic differences between boys and girls. It has also been observed that the mean values to the depth of the oropharynx are larger to Class III malocclusion when compared to Classes I and II (Angle). The result of the statistical analysis has been shown that there is significant difference between the mean values of the age group 6-11 years in comparison to the age group 18-24 years. Conclusion: The normality indexes related to the depth of the oropharynx are the following: from 8,76 mm to 14,86 mm to the age group 6-11 years; from 9,07 mm to 15,07 mm to the age group 12-17 years; and from 9,55 mm to 16,99 mm to the age group 18-24 years.
UNITERMS: oropharynx, cephalometrics, orthodontics.
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