Fluoride levels in public water supplies in districts of Maranhão, Brazil

Authors

  • Mariana Almeida Mello Proença Federal University of Maranhão
  • Amanda de Oliveira Bringel Federal University of Maranhão
  • Cadidja Dayane Souza do Carmo Federal University of Maranhão
  • Pierre Adriano Moreno Neves Federal University of Maranhão
  • Cláudia Maria Coelho Alves Federal University of Maranhão
  • Cláudia Maria Coelho Alves Universidade Federal do Maranhão
  • Cecília Costa Ribeiro Federal University of Maranhão

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2015.4.13432

Keywords:

Fluoridation, Water supply, Water quality control.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate fluoride concentration in public water supply in locations of Maranhão State that, according to agency responsible, presents regular water fluoridation.
Methods: Water samples were collected from public schools. According to National Health Foundation (FUNASA), Water Treatment Station (WTS) of 14 rural cities and 03 WTS from Sao Luiz are supplied by the water supply system of state. The fluoride content of the analysis was performed using a specific electrode for fluoride. Three samples from each school were collected, totaling 42 samples of the rural cities and 45 samples from the capital.
Results: Most samples were below the optimal concentration, and only 14.28% of samples collected in the municipalities and 6.67% in Sao Luiz, had acceptable values of fluoride (0.6 to 0.8 ppmF).
Conclusion: Fluoridation of public water supplies (FPWS) is uncontrolled and therefore no preventive effect on caries. It is important to emphasize the need to implement control measures to ensure the ongoing effectiveness of FPWS in Maranhão State.

References

Cury JA, Tenuta LM, Ribeiro CC, Paes Leme AF. The importance of fluoride dentifrices to the current dental caries prevalence in Brazil. Braz Dent J. 2004;15(3):167-74.

Ramires I, Buzalaf MA. Fifty years of fluoridation of public water supplies in Brazil: benefits for the control of dental caries. Cienc Saude Colet. 2007; 12(4):1057-65.

Maltz M, Schoenardie AB, Carvalho JC. Dental caries and gingivitis in schoolchildren from the municipality of Porto Alegre, Brazil in 1975 and 1996. Clin Oral Invest. 2001;5:199-204.

Evans RW, Hsiau ACY, Dennison PJ, Patterson A, Jalaludin B. Water fluoridation in Blue Mountains reduces risk of tooth decay. Aust Dent J. 2009;54:368-73.

Narvai PC. Cárie dentária e flúor: uma relação do século XX. Cienc Saude Colet. 2000;5(2):381-392.

Barros ERC, Tovo MF, Scapini C. Resultados da fluoretação da água. Rev Gaúcha Odontol. 1993;4(5):303-8.

Basting RT, Pereira AC, Meneghim MC. Avaliações da prevalência de cárie dentária em escolares do município de Piracicaba, SP, Brasil, após 25 anos de fluoretação das águas de abastecimento público. Rev Odontol Univer São Paulo. 1997;11(4):287-92.

Ferreira HCG, Gomes AMM, Silva KRCS, Rodrigues CRMD, Gomes AA. Avaliação do teor de flúor na água de abastecimento público do município de Vitória-ES. Rev Assoc Paul Cir Dent. 1999;53(6):455-9.

Baldani MH, Vasconcelos AGG, Antunes JLF. Association of the DMFT índex with socioeconomic and dental services indicators in the state of Parana, Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2004;20(1):143-52.

Brasil. Lei Federal nº 6050 de 24 de maio de 1974. Dispõe sobre a

obrigatoriedade da fluoretação das águas em sistema de abastecimento. Diário Oficial da União. 1975; 27 jul.

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Sub-componente fluoretação da água. Programa Brasil Sorridente – a saúde bucal levada a sério. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2006.

Santos MN, Cury JÁ. Dental plaque fluoride is lower after discontinuation of water fluoridation. Caries Res. 1988;22:316-7.

Lima YBO, Cury JÁ. Ingestão de flúor por crianças pela água e dentifrício. Rev Saúde Pública. 2001;35(6):576-81.

Moimaz SA, Saliba O, Chiba FY, Saliba NA. External control of the public water supplies in 29 Brazilian cities. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(1):12-8.

Aoba T, Fejerkson O. Dental Fluorosis: Chemistry and Biology. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):155-70.

Catani DB, Hugo FN, Cypriano S, Sousa MLR, Cujy JA. Relationship between fluoride levels in the public water supply and dental fluorosis. Rev Saúde Pública. 2007;41(5):732-9.

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Coordenação Geral de Saúde Bucal – Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2011. 92p.

Carmo CD, Alves CMC, Cavalcante PR, Ribeiro CC. Evaluation of fluoride

levels in the public water supply in Sao Luis Island, Maranhão State, Brazil.

Cienc Saúde Coletiva. 2010;15(1):1835-40.

Paredes SO. Heterocontrole da fluoretação das águas de abastecimento

público de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil [dissertação]. João Pessoa (PB):

Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 2009.

FUNASA. Fundação Nacional de Saúde, Sistema de abastecimento de

água fluoretada no Estado do Maranhão. Coordenação Regional do

Maranhão. São Luís, 2010.

Maxim DC, Danila I, Dascalu CG, Balcos C. Early childhood caries.

Epidemiological considerations. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2010;

(3):866-9.

Do LG. Distribution of caries in children: variations between and within

populations. J Dent Res. 2012;91(6):536-43.

Cypriano S, Hugo FN, Sciamarelli MC, Torres LH, Sousa Mda L, Wada

RS. Factors associated with the incidence of dental caries among

schoolchildren living in a municipality with low prevalence of dental caries.

Cien Saúde Colet. 2011;16(10):4095-106.

Boletim Regional do Banco Central do Brasil. Evolução do IDH das Grandes

Regiões e Unidades da Federação. 2009, [Acesso em 09 setembro 2012].

Disponível em: http://www.bcb.gov.br/pec/boletimregional/port/2009/01/

br200901b1p.pdf

Downloads

Published

2015-11-03

Issue

Vol. 30 No. 4 (2015)

Section

Original Article

License

COPYRIGHT
The submission of originals to Odonto Ciência implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Odonto Ciência as the site of original publication.

CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE
As this journal is open access, the articles are allowed free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source.
According to the type of Creative Commons License (CC-BY 4.0) adopted by Odonto Ciência, the user must respect the requirements below.

You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

However, only under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Odonto Ciência endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

For more details on the Creative Commons license, please follow the link in the footer of this website.