Cárie dentária segundo o nível socioeconômico em Itapetininga – SP
Abstract
Tem sido demonstrada a influência de fatores sociais e econômicos na determinação da cárie dentária, tanto em sua prevalência quanto em sua severidade. Assim, buscou-se determinar a relação entre nível socioeconômico e cárie dentária, através de sua prevalência e severidade, além das necessidades de tratamento em crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade. Examinaram-se 546 crianças, de escolas públicas e privadas do município de Itapetininga, SP, em 1998, selecionadas mediante processo amostral aleatório sistemático e os exames seguiram os critérios da OMS (1997). Os índices utilizados foram: ceod, CPOD, Índice de Cuidados (Care Index) e Índice de Saúde Dentária (ISD). O nível socioeconômico foi determinado pela rede de ensino freqüentada. Utilizaram-se os testes Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 5%. Entre os escolares, houve maior percentual de livres de cárie na rede privada, 49,7%, frente aos 29,5% da rede pública (p < 0,05). Na rede pública, o CPOD e o ceod foram de 1,27 e 1,78, e na particular, foram de 0,72 e 1,17, respectivamente, ambos maiores na rede pública (p < 0,05). Os escolares de ensino público apresentaram maior percentual de extração dentária do que os da rede privada (p < 0,05). O Índice de Cuidados foi maior nos escolares de rede particular, 91,8%, sendo 53,4% na pública (p < 0,05). O ISD foi de 0,7 e 0,8, respectivamente, para escolares de rede pública e privada. Os escolares com nível socioeconômico mais elevado apresentaram melhores condições de saúde bucal no município de Itapetininga.
UNITERMOS: saúde bucal; cárie dentária; escolares, nível socioeconômico.
SUMMARY
The influence of socio-economic status factors has been demonstrated at dental caries determination, as in its prevalence as its severity. Thus, this study looked for determining the relationship between socio-economic level and dental caries through its prevalence and severity, besides treatment needs in children at age 7 to 12 year-old. 546 children were examined from public and private schools at Itapetininga city, SP, in 1998, selected according to systematic random sampling process. The clinical exams followed World Health Organization (WHO) (1997). DMFT, dmft, Care Index and Index Dental Health (IDH) were used. Socio-economic level was determined according to attended type of school. Mann- Whitney and chi square tests were used with significance of 5%. Among the school children, there was a bigger caries free percentage at private school (49.7%) than public school (29.5%) (p < 0.05). DMFT and dmft at public school were 1.27 and 1.78 and at private school were 0.72 and 1,17, respectively, both the biggest at public school (p < 0,05). A bigger percentage of missed teeth was found at public school than private school (p < 0,05). The Care Index was the biggest among the private schoolchildren (91.8%) being 53,4% at public school (p < 0.05). The IDH index was 0.7 and 0.8 for public and private schools, respectively. Schoolchildren with higher socio-economic level showed better oral health conditions in Itapetininga city.
UNITERMS: oral health; dental caries; schoolchildren; socio-economic level.
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