Manejo da osteorradionecrose em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço
Abstract
Os efeitos colaterais da radioterapia instituída para tratamento de pacientes com câncer da região de cabeça e pescoço interferem significativamente na qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. Entre esses efeitos, podem-se citar mucosite, hipossialia, ageusia, cáries por radiação, trismo e osteorradionecrose (ORN). Esta última constitui uma complicação grave e de difícil tratamento. A presente revisão da literatura objetiva enfatizar aspectos da osteorradionecrose, abordando fatores etiológicos, características clínicas e radiográficas, prevalência, tratamento e prognóstico da enfermidade. O cumprimento de medidas protocolares antes, durante e após a radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço previne e minimiza a ocorrência de complicações como a ORN. As consultas de controle após o término da radioterapia são imprescindíveis e devem ser garantidas pela conscientização do paciente sobre a importância das mediadas preventivas.
UNITERMOS: câncer de cabeça e pescoço; osteorradionecrose; radioterapia.
SUMMARY
Radiotherapy appointed for the treatment of patients with head and neck cancer presents side effects which interfere significantly with the patients’ quality of life. Mucous inflammation, hyposialia, loss of taste, radiation caries, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis (ORN) are among these side effects. ORN represents a serious complication of difficult treatment. The present literature review aims to emphasize aspects of ORN approaching the pathology’s etiologic factors, clinical and radiographic characteristics, prevalence, treatment and prognosis. Compliance with protocol procedures both prevents and reduces the development of complications such as ORN. After finishing radiotherapy, follow-up consultations are indispensable and to assure them the patient should be aware of the importance of preventive procedures.
UNITERMS: head and neck cancer; osteoradionecrosis; radiotherapy.
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