Estudos com o extrato da <i>Punica granatum Linn.</i> (romã): efeito antimicrobiano <i>in vitro</i> e avaliação clínica de um dentifrício sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental
Abstract
A atividade antimicrobiana in vitro, CIM (Concentração Inibitória Mínima), CIMA (Concentração Inibitória Mínima de Aderência) e a CBM (Concentração Mínima Bactericida) do extrato da romã (Punica granatum Linn.) foi avaliada em cinco linhagens bacterianas do biofilme dental: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei. Em estudo comparativo com o gluconato de clorexidina, os resultados demonstraram efetiva ação inibitória de ambas as substâncias. O extrato da romã foi efetivo na CIMA das cinco linhagens ensaiadas, representada pela ausência de aderência ao vidro na presença de sacarose. A atividade antimicrobiana in vivo do extrato da romã foi testada em 13 pacientes, através do uso de um dentrifício a base desse extrato e foi observadas redução do número de Streptococcus mutans (53,84%) e Índice de Sangramento Gengival. Conclui-se, portanto, que o extrato da Punica granatum Linn., apresentou potente atividade antimicrobiana in vivo e in vitro sobre as linhagens do biofilme dental. Os resultados sugerem a utilização do extrato da romã em indicações terapêuticas na prática odontológica.
UNITERMOS: biofilme dental; Punica granatum Linn.; Streptococcus; Lactobacillus.
SUMMARY
The in vitro antibacterial activity MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MICA (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence) and MBC (Minimum Bactericide Concentration) of the extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) was evaluated upon five bacterial strains of the oral biofilm: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei. In comparative study with the chlorhexidine (0,12%), both substances showed antibacterial activity. The extract was effective regarding adherence on glass tube with sucrose (MICA) in all five tested strains. The in vivo antibacterial activity of the extract of pomegranate was evaluated in 13 subjects that used a toothpaste with extract and was observed reduction of the number of Streptococcus mutans (53,84%) and Gingival Bleeding Index. It can be concluded that the extract of Punica granatum Linn. showed antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo upon bacteria strains of the oral biofilm. The results supports that the extract of the pomegranate can be used as a therapeutic antibacterial agent in Dentistry.
UNITERMS: oral biofilm; Punica granatum Linn.; Streptococcus; Lactobacillus.
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