Radiographic evaluation of periodontal osseous defects – in vitro study
Abstract
SUMMARY
Introduction: Although the image diagnostic methods have been developed allowing an advanced of early detection of the diseases, the conventional radiographic exam continues to be an important tool to evaluate the periodontal condition. In the correlated literature few investigations exist on the specificity of the osseous defects radiographic image, highlighting the necessity of additional studies on the theme. Objective: To describe the radiographic aspects of periodontal bone defects, produced artificially in dry mandibles, and to emphasize the anatomicdeterminants that contribute to the formation of the different types of defects. Method: Eight periodontal bone defects types were produced in fourteen dry mandibles. Standardized digital photographs and conventional radiographs were obtained from each region, before and after the simulation of the referred defects. Soon afterwards, the radiographs were placed in a light box and evaluated by three examiners. Results: The bone defects showed distinct radiographics characteristics, allowing its identification, except for the one-, two-, three-walls infrabony defects. The radicular septum bone defect was the most difficult to be evaluated while the horizontal and vertical defects were the most easily interpreted. Final considerations: The interpretation of periodontal bone defects radiographics images is dependent to the resorption type is being evaluated. The description of the bone defect could be facilitated to those types that have the morphology with less overlap of the bone and dental structures.
UNITERMS: radiographic exam; periodontal lesions; radiographic interpretation.
RESUMO
Introdução: Embora os métodos de diagnóstico por imagem tenham evoluído permitindo um avanço na detecção precoce das doenças, o exame radiográfico convencional ainda é uma ferramenta importante para a avaliação da condição periodontal. Na literatura correlata existem poucas investigações sobre a especificidade da imagem radiográfica dos defeitos ósseos, evidenciando-se a necessidade de estudos adicionais sobre a temática. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos radiográficos de defeitos ósseos periodontais produzidos artificialmente em mandíbulas secas, ressaltando os determinantes anatômicos que contribuem na formação dos diferentes tipos de defeito. Método: Foram utilizadas quatorze mandíbulas secas nas quais oito tipos de defeitos ósseos periodontais foram produzidos. Fotografias digitais e radiografias convencionais foram obtidas de forma padronizada de cada sítio, antes e após a confecção dos referidos defeitos. Em seguida, as radiografias foram dispostas em negatoscópio e avaliadas por três examinadores. Resultados: Os defeitos ósseos apresentaram características radiográficas distintas, em grande parte, permitindo sua identificação, com exceção dos defeitos de uma, duas e três paredes ósseas. O defeito do septo radicular foi o mais difícil de interpretação enquanto que os defeitos horizontal e vertical foram mais facilmente interpretados. Considerações finais: A interpretação das imagens radiográficas de defeitos ósseos periodontais é dependente do tipo de reabsorção que está sendo avaliada. A descrição do defeito ósseo pode ser facilitada para aqueles tipos que apresentam a morfologia com menor superposição de estruturas óssea e dentária.
UNITERMOS: exame radiográfico; lesões periodontais; interpretação radiográfica.
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