Bruxismo e qualidade de vida
Abstract
O bruxismo é caracterizado pelo ato parafuncional de apertar ou ranger dos dentes, que pode ocorrer de maneira consciente ou inconsciente, durante o sono ou em vigília. Fatores psicossociais, os distúrbios do sono, o uso crônico de drogas de ação central, desarmonias oclusais e distúrbios na via neuronal dopaminérgica são comumente considerados na sua gênese. Por ser de etiologia complexa e ainda obscura, é impossível estabelecer um tratamento padrão para todos os pacientes. Entretanto, medidas importantes baseadas na educação do paciente, controle consciente do bruxismo, melhora na qualidade do sono e terapias de suporte podem ter sucesso no controle da parafunção e resolução da maioria dos sintomas. O presente trabalho retrata os mais prováveis fatores desencadeantes do bruxismo hoje conhecidos, desconsiderando antigos conceitos, e expõe as alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis. Os autores deste trabalho concluem que ainda é impossível garantir a cura total, contudo o controle da parafunção com ênfase na conscientização e na melhora da qualidade de vida parece ser a abordagem mais prudente para o bruxismo.
UNITERMOS: etiologia; fisiopatologia; prevenção & controle.
SUMMARY
Bruxism is characterized by the parafuctional act of grinding or clenching the teeth, which may occur in a conscious or unconscious way during sleep or vigil. Psychosocial factors, sleeping disorders, cronic use of drugs of central action, occlusal disarrangements and disorders in the dopaminergic neural system are usually considered in its origin. Due to its complex, and still obscure etiology it is impossible to stablish a standard treatment to all patients. However, important mesuares based on patient education, conscient control of bruxism, improvement in sleeping quality and support therapies can be successfull in controling the parafunction and resolving most of the symptoms. This work presents the most probable triggering factors of bruxism known today, not taking into consideration old concepts and displaying the available alternative therapies. The authors of this study come to a conclusion that it’s impossible to achieve the cure, on the other hand, the parafunctional control, putting emphasizes on the awareness and improvement of life quality, seems to be the most careful approach for treating bruxism.
UNITERMS: etiology; physiopathology; prevention & control.
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