Hábitos bucais deletérios: os filhos imitam as mães na adoção destes hábitos?
Abstract
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o relacionamento entre os hábitos bucais das mães e os hábitos bucais dos filhos. Desenvolveu-se um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo transversal com a entrevista, através de formulário pré-testado, de 208 mães na sala de espera das clínicas coordenadas pelo Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia da FOUFMG. Os dados coletados foram submetidos a análise estatística, sendo o qui-quadrado e odds ratio os testes escolhidos. Observou-se que a chupeta foi o hábito mais prevalente na infância tanto das mães quanto das crianças (46,6% e 65,4% respectivamente). A onicofagia foi o hábito atual mais prevalente nos dois grupos (38,7% – mães e 32,7% – crianças). Verificou-se que filhos de mães que utilizaram a chupeta na infância apresentaram um risco de 3,4 vezes maior (OR = 3,4) de também apresentarem o hábito de sucção de chupeta comparados aos filhos de mães que não apresentaram este hábito. Constatou-se que filhos de mães com hábito de onicofagia apresentaram quase quatro vezes mais chance de também apresentarem este costume (OR = 3,9). Dentre as portadoras de hábitos, 72,6% considera que estes as prejudicaram ou a seus filhos em algum fator, sendo a desarmonia dos dentes o item mais citado pelas mães (71,9%). Encontrou-se associação entre os hábitos bucais das mães e das crianças, havendo uma tendência de repetição destes pelos filhos. A maioria das mães tem conhecimento de que os hábitos bucais deletérios trazem prejuízos à conformação das arcadas dentárias, porém a repetição destes costumes pelos filhos foi freqüente.
UNITERMOS: hábitos orais; comportamento; chupeta; onicofagia.
SUMMARY
The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the possibility of association between mother’s oral habits and children’s oral habits. This transversal retrospective epidemiological study was made using a pre-tested questionnaire. Two hundred and eight (208) mothers were interviewed at the clinic’s waiting room by the Odontopediatrics and Orthodontics Department of Federal University of Minas Gerais (FOUFMG). The collected data was submitted to statistical analysis and the tests applied were the Chi-squares (χ2) and The Odds Ratio. The pacifier was noticed to be the most frequent childhood habit between mothers and their children (46,6% and 66,4% respectively). Nail biting was the most frequent actual habit present in the 2 groups (38,7% mothers and 32,7% children). It was verified that when mothers used to suck a pacifier during their childhood, their children had 3,4 times more chances to have the same habit, comparing to those children who mothers’ didn’t use to suck the pacifier. It was noticed that when mothers used to bite their nails, their children had almost 4 times more chances to have the same habit (OR = 3,9). Seventy two point six percents of mothers who had deleterious’ oral habit think that those habits can damage themselves or their children in some way, and on mothers’ opinion, dental problems are the most frequent damage present (71,9%). There was an association between mother’s oral habit and children’s oral habit, and it was noticed that children repeat mothers’ habit. The mothers’ majority knew that deleterious oral habits could be harmful to children’s dental arch formation; nevertheless it was still frequent in their children.
UNITERMS: oral habits; behavior; pacifier; nail biting habit.
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