Efetividade de uma técnica educativa na aquisição de conhecimentos por pais sobre o uso racional do flúor
Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar o conhecimento sobre uso racional de flúor adquirido através de grupo de discussão (GD). Um grupo de 47 pais de crianças pré-escolares constituiu a amostra após a assinatura de um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Este estudo foi aprovado por um Comitê de ética em Pesquisa. Para averiguação do nível de conhecimento inicial sobre o tema proposto, os participantes responderam a um questionário com 14 perguntas abertas e fechadas. Seis meses após esta etapa, foi realizado um GD sobre o uso racional de flúor. O GD proposto abordou a metodologia pedagógica problematizadora e contou com a participação ativa dos pais e de três cirurgiões dentistas. Neste momento foram apresentadas afirmações sobre a utilização do flúor pela população, a partir das quais a discussão era deflagrada. Alguns dias após, os pais responderam novamente o questionário inicial. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatístico Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher através do programa SPSS. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre praticamente todas as respostas no primeiro e segundo questionários (p < 0,005), sendo que no segundo, houve um maior número de respostas corretas. A técnica educativa avaliada mostrou-se efetiva na incorporação de novos conhecimentos sobre o uso racional de flúor pelos pais, evidenciando a eficácia da metodologia empregada.
UNITERMOS: promoção de saúde; educação em odontologia; fluoretos; fluorose dentária.
SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to evaluate an educative technique on knowledge acquisition on rational fluorine use. A group of 47 parents of preschool children assigned a consent term according to the Committee of Ethics in Research of UFMG. In order to ascertainment the initial knowledge level, parents had answered to a questionnaire with 14 open and closed questions about fluorine use. Six months after this stage, a group quarrel (GQ) on the rational fluorine use was carried. The GQ used problematic questions about fluorine and counted with the active participation of the parents and three dentists. Affirmations about fluorine had been presented, from which the quarrel began. After a few days, parents had answered the same initial questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out through the SPSS program and qui-square test and Fisher exact test. There was a statistical significant difference between the answers of the two questionnaires (p < 0,05). There was a greater number of right answers in the second questionnaire. The educative technique used was effectively in the incorporation of new knowledge on the rational fluorine use by the parents proving the effectiveness of the method.
UNITERMS: education, dental; health promotion; fluorine; dental fluorosis.
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