Analysis of zinc concentration in the saliva of individuals at different age ranges

Authors

  • Marcela Lima Cardoso Selow Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
  • Flávia Lunelli Universidade Federal do Paraná
  • Iran Vieira Universidade Federal do Paraná
  • Mariana Doff Sotta Universidade Federal do Paraná
  • Wilson Denis Martins Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
  • Sergio Aparecido Ignacio Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
  • João Armando Brancher Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
  • Marina de Oliveira Ribas Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.1.17121

Keywords:

Zinc, Saliva, Hypogeusia

Abstract

Objectives: Zinc plays an important role in the homeostasis of the human body. In the oral cavity, its absence causes hypogeusia. Zinc supplementation acts improving taste acuity and oral lesions healing. However, some aspects regarding to salivary zinc contents and syalometric variables, as well as, its variations among age-related groups, are lacking. The objective of this study was to measure the zinc concentration in the saliva in different age range.
Methods: One hundred and twenty healthy individuals have donated saliva and they were divided in to four groups according to age: Group I = 18-29 years old; Group II = 30-39 years old; Group III: 40-49 years old and Group IV: 50-59 years old.
Results: The research revealed that there are differences between salivary parameters, salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and pH, when they are correlated with the zinc present in saliva, but the salivary zinc concentration is not age dependent.
Conclusion: pH and BA had no influence in the salivary zinc concentration, but the salivary flow can interfere in the zinc concentration.

References

Atkison J, Baum B. Salivary enhancement: current status and future therapies. Journal of Dental Education 2001;64(10):1096-1101.

Amerongen VN, Veerman EC. Saliva - The defender of oral cavity. Oral Diseases 2002;8(1):12-22.

Nariyama M, Shimizu K, Uematsu T, Maeda T. Identification of chromosomes associated with dental caries susceptibility using quantitative trait locus analysis in mice. Caries Research 2004;38:79-84.

Tenovuo J. Clinical applications of antimicrobial host proteins lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and lactotransferrin in xerostomia: efficacy and safety. Oral Diseases 2002;8(1):23-29.

Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ. A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development. Nature 2000;417:552-5.

Burt BA, Pai S. Sugar consumption and caries risk: a systematic review. Journal of Dental Education 2001;65(10):1017-27.

King, JC, Shames, DM, Woodhouse LR. Zinc and health: current status and future directions. American Society for Nutritional Sciences 2000;1360S-1366S; Supplement.

Selow MLC, Vieira I. Role of zinc in health from early childhood to old age: a brief approach. Alimentos e Nutrição (UNESP) 2007;20:20-5.

Goto T, Komai M, Suzuki H, Furukawa Y. Long-term zinc deficiency decreases taste sensitivity in rats. J. Nutr. 2001;131(2):305-10.

Al-Hayali R, Hsich S, Navia JM. Gestational and post-natal dietary zinc and dental caries. J Dent Res 1981;60A:401.

Alvares O, Johnson D. Effects of zinc deficiency on rat parotid gland. J Oral Pathol 1981;10:430-435.

Siddappa K. Cutaneous and mucosal pain syndromes. Indian Journal of Dermatology. Continuing Med Edu 2002;8(3):123-30.

Sheng J, Nguyen PTM, Marquis RE. Multi-target antimicrobial actions of zinc against oral anaerobes. Arch Oral Biol 2005;50(8):747-57.

Ozdemir A, Sayal A, Alça E, Aydin A. A. The determination of salivary zinc levels following delivery from zinc containing toothpaste. J. Med. Sci 1998;28:281-3.

Henkin RI, Martin-Brian M, Argawal-Raghunath P. Results of zinc and dysgeusia. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1999b;318(6):392-404.

Komai M, Goto T, Suzuki H, Takeda T, Furukawa Y. Zinc deficiency and taste dysfunction; contribution of carbonic anhydrase metalloenzyme to normal taste sensation. Biofactors 2000;12(4):65-70.

Sato TP, Mikami K. Recovery of a patient with a recurrent dysgeusia monitored by salivary variables and serum zinc content. Pathophysiology 2001;8:275-81.

Hamano H, Yoshinaga K, Tanaka T, Eta R, Horii T, Kawabata, Furuta S, Takei M. Polaprezinc, a zinc compound, is distributed to the lingual epithelium and increases its zinc concentration in zinc-deficient rats. Life Sci 2009;85:759-64.

Kobayashi T, Tomita H. Electron microscopic observation of vallate taste buds of zinc-deficient rats with taste disturbance. Auris Nasus – Larynx (Tokyo) Suppl. 1986;1:25-31.

Navazesh M, Mulligan R A, Kipnis V et al. Comparison of whole saliva floe rates and mucin concentrations in healthy Caucasian young and aged adults. J Dent Res 1992;71(6):1275-8.

Banderas-Tarabay JA, Gonzalez-Segne M, Gardeno AS, Millan-Cortez E, Lopez-Rodrigues A, Vlchis-Velazquez A. Salivary flow rate and protein concentration in human whole saliva. Salud Publica Mex 1997;5:433-41.

Fregonese AP, Ortega AOL, Brancher. Sialometric analysis in Young patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Spec Care Dentist 2013;1(2):1-5.

Callegari-Jacques S. Bioestatística: Princípios e Aplicações. Artmed; 2003. p. 256.

Resnick AZ, Shehadeh N, Shafir Y, Nagler RM. Free radical related effects and antioxidants in saliva and serum of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Arch. Oral Biol. 2006;51:640-8.

Wang D, Du X, Zheng W. Alteration of saliva and serum concentrations of manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead among career welders. Toxicology Letters 2008;176:40-7.

Baum BJ. Evaluation of stimulated parotid saliva flow rate in different age groups. J Dent Res 1981;60:1292-6.

Ship JA, Nolan N, Puckett S. Longitudinal analysis of parotid and submendibular salivary flow rates in healthy, different aged adults. Gerontolo Med Sci 1995;50A:M285-9.

Kidd EAM, Fejerskov O. What constitutes dental caries? Histopathology of carious enamel and dentin related to the action of cariogenic biofilms. J of Dental Research 2004;83:35-8.

Henkin RI. Zinc, saliva and taste: interrelationships of gustin, nerve growth factor, saliva and zinc. In: Zinc and cooper in Clinical Medicine, edited by Hambidge K M and Nichols JR. B. L. New York: SP Medical and Scientific Books 1978:35-48.

Henkin RI, Lippldt RE, Bilstad J, Wolf RO, Lum CKL, Edelhoch H. Zinc. J Biol. Chem. 1978;253:7556-65.

Watanabe M, Asatsuma M, Ikui A, Ikeda M, Yamada Y, Nomura S, Igarashi A. Measurements of several metallic elements and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in saliva from patients with taste disorders. Chemical Senses 2005;30(2):121-5.

Thatcher BJ, Doherty AE, Orvisky AE, Martin NM, Henkin RI. Gustin from human parotid saliva is carbonic anhydrase VI. Bioch. Bioph. Res. Com. 1998; 250(3):635-41.

Shatzman AR, Henkin RI. Gustin concentration changes relative to salivary zinc and taste in humans. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 1991;78(6):3867-71.

Henkin RI, Martin BM, Agarwal RP. Decreased parotid saliva gustin/

carbonic anhydrase VI secretion: an enzyme disorder manifested by gustatory and olfactory dysfunction. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1999;318(6):380-91.

Downloads

Published

2016-11-17

Issue

Vol. 31 No. 1 (2016)

Section

Original Article

License

COPYRIGHT
The submission of originals to Odonto Ciência implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Odonto Ciência as the site of original publication.

CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE
As this journal is open access, the articles are allowed free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source.
According to the type of Creative Commons License (CC-BY 4.0) adopted by Odonto Ciência, the user must respect the requirements below.

You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

However, only under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Odonto Ciência endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.

For more details on the Creative Commons license, please follow the link in the footer of this website.